Purchasing power parity, theory of exchange rate determination. Free Essays

Presentation: The target of this paper is to all the more likely comprehend one of the key ideas of genuine conversion scale assurance and building squares of macroeconomic model, ppp. The primary motivation to concentrate on this subject is because of the way that the greater part of the enormous organizations are working past the national limits and are attempting to grow their business at worldwide levels, so it gets crucial for directors and financial specialists while settling on universal venture choices to check the effect of change of purchaser merchandise costs, tradable and non-tradable products could have on the benefit of their businesses.Although the term â€Å"purchasing power parity† was authored as of late as 80 years prior (Cassel, 1918), it has any longer history in economics[1]. We will compose a custom exposition test on Buying power equality, hypothesis of conversion scale assurance. or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now PPP is by and large ascribed to Gustav Cassel’s compositions during the 1920s, in spite of the fact that its scholarly sources go back to the works of the nineteenth-century British financial expert â€Å"David Ricardo†. Presumably, it is the most established hypothesis of swapping scale assurance. In segment 1 of this paper, I will characterize the idea of ppp, talk about the hypothesis behind it, and expand its useful ramifications in certifiable turn of events. The segment 2 will explains the subtleties between supreme ppp and relative ppp and trial of the legitimacy of the ppp hypothesis over the timespan. The segment 3 expounds Why is increasingly desirable over state that ppp holds over the long haul than in the short run. The area 4 clarifies why ppp doesn't hold in the short run, what are the financial elements lies behind it in going astray ppp from real swapping scale. It recognizes those components which would keep supreme ppp from holding, yet would not really keep relative ppp from holding, and those which obviously forestall relative ppp as well. It additionally clarifies those elements which would prompt ppp bombing over the long haul. In segment 5, there are finishing up comments. Area 1: UNDERSTANDING PURCHASING POWER PARITY In thissection, I will characterize buying power equality by utilizing the guides to expand how it functions in reality and examine it how it identifies with genuine trade rates. WHAT IS PPP? The buying power equality swapping scale is the conversion scale between two currencies’ that would compare the two significant national value levels whenever communicated in like manner money at that rate, with the goal that ppp of a unit of one cash would be the equivalent in both countries.The fundamental idea basic ppp hypothesis is that exchange powers will prompt the adjustment of merchandise costs universally, when the costs of products are estimated in same money. As such hypothesis speaks to an utilization of the ‘law of one price’[2]. LAW OF ONE PRICE: The central thought behind this hypothesis is the law of one price.LOP[3] alludes to indistinguishable items which are sold in various markets will sell in similar costs when communicated as far as a typical cash within the sight of serious market structure and nonappearance of transportation costs and different boundaries to exchange. Subsequently, it gives a system to relate money in one market (the local market) to cash in another market (outside market).In mathematical structure, LOP places that for any great I: p Step by step instructions to refer to Purchasing power equality, hypothesis of swapping scale assurance., Essay models

Double standard for sexual relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Twofold standard for sexual relations - Essay Example A young lady with the equivalent sexual experience will definitely get subject to mocking and discourtesy. Folks will exploit her, utilization her, and attempt to get her to bed. She will make some hard memories having lady friends as she will without a doubt be maintained a strategic distance from and loathed out of disturb. She will most likely turn into the discussion of the school and will be marked as a skank. The stud-whore framework is nevertheless one of the different signs of sexual twofold standard in the general public where we live. Men are not absolved from the foul play of twofold guidelines. Having companions from the other gender during a relationship is additionally dependent upon the sexuality of who's warming up to whom. Young ladies will consistently will in general legitimize their associations with different folks since they are known to be consistently in charge of their feelings and are ready to isolate sweethearts from beaus. The circumstance is significantly increasingly unique when folks are concerned. A man who has a dear companion while in a relationship is constantly gone up against and blamed for disreputable things particularly unfaithfulness. He may even be charged for keeping that extraordinary companion in the midst of forlornness. With these encounters, it is obvious that twofold standard has become a severe unavoidable truth. It is something which I have to live with. Notwithstanding, I am absolutely against sexual twofold norms. ... Twofold standard enormously damages one fundamental of equity known as fair-mindedness the rule that same principles be applied to all individuals, regardless of abstract inclination or bias. I accept that the presence of twofold standard unmistakably infers the toleration of segregation, injustice, imbalance, and partiality. Hence, so as to advance equity in the general public, twofold standard ought to be disposed of. I unequivocally bolster that people ought to have a reasonable playing field where every one gets equivalent response and acknowledgment of what they do and not of what they are. The across the board twofold standard in our general public is justified by different avocations. Most people have just underestimated the presence of twofold standard for conceded contending that sexual twofold standard is regular and that is the manner in which things ought to be. Society has promptly acknowledged that a few things are normally men's things while some are women's. A genuine case of this is the far reaching observation that men are polygamous, permitting them to rest around regardless of whether they are seeing someone ladies are required to be dedicated to their particular spouses. Nonetheless, seeing that the presence of twofold standard as normal is additionally another method of tolerating that bias and shamefulness are characteristic wonders. The above delineations of twofold standard underscores the way that twofold standard endures trouble making of one sex utilizing human instinct as a concealment. In our general public, betrayal is seen to be worthy just when submitted by the male populace. The contention here is that, bad conduct ought to be completely denounced and annihilated as it destructs and jeopardizes the profound quality of the entire network. I am loaded up with appall simply contemplating the quantity of families being broken by

Inuit Eskimos Essay Example For Students

Inuit Eskimos Essay Inuit: The People of the ArcticThe local individuals that live in the Northern-Polar Regions of the world allude to themselves as Inuit, or as Americans like to call them Eskimos. The Inuit are roaming clans who live their lifes altogether different from the remainder of the world. They base their life on convictions, customs, propensities, conventions, and culture that are altogether different from the American culture. The way of life of the Inuit is a very miss-got culture and it is demonstrated in this paper the Inuit are something other than savage, seal, slaughtering Indians, that stay in bed ice houses, live in beneath frigid climate and just kiss with their noses. Inuit is a word that implies the individuals, which is the means by which they allude to themselves. Up to this point pariahs called the Inuit, Eskimos which implies eaters of meat. Researchers have put the Inuit in a different anthropological classification, while the Inuit are firmly identified with the local of Northern Asia, which is were they initially originated from. Language gives a significant knowledge into the lives of the Inuit. For instance they should go through a ridiculous amount of time following caribou for some km or sitting by a gap in the ice trusting that a seal will show itself. The Inuit have no compelling reason to depict the past or future in incredible detail so they have no word for history. Another extraordinary is day off. There are a wide range of words for a wide range of sorts of day off. For instance, aput is the general word for day off. Snow that has as of late floated is akeolrak, yet floated snow is perksertok. The Inuit language is comprised of words for the things that are essential to the Inuit lifestyle (Halderson 2-7). Starting around a thousand years back, the early Inuit started to spread into the Arctic of Canada, over the incredible land connect known as the Bering Straight, which does not exist anymore. The Inuit inevitably spread more than 6000 km, from the Soviet Union to East Greenland. Inside two or three hundred years, they had supplanted the previous occupants of the district. The movement over the land connect was not a solitary mass occasion, yet it was likely many gatherings of maybe twenty to thirty individuals moving east in look for a superior life. A specific objective for making the extraordinary relocation appeared to be more extravagant whaling waters along the Baffin and Somerset Islands, and the consistently need for more space, not long after that whaling towns and little camps grew along the coast, while in-coast camps depended on seal and caribou (Halderson 2-7). The Inuit step by step spread over the ice locales settling in four nations: The Soviet Union, The United States (Alaska), Canada and Greenland. As indicated by Archeological research, the primary Inuit chose the solidified tundra and the nippy ocean coast. The Inuit have unmistakable attributes. Their tallness and weight changes, simply, as in any culture. Their skin is tanned from the sun as dull as cowhide. The hair on their head is dim dark and straight and the face develops barely any facial hair. Their eyes are dim and almond molded, a little nearly connect less nose with huge flared nostrils, a solid jaw, that occurred from age and age of eating basically only meat, and they have a particularly high and round zygoma bone. It is frequently expressed the physical qualities of the Inuit happened, because of their adjustment of the chilly climate. For moment: A level face and little limits are simpler to keep warm. The crease in their eyes shields the eyes from freezing and in the spring in squares of a portion of the glare on the brilliant sun that reflects of the day off. The absence of facial hair shields ice and buildup from working up from the relaxing. Furthermore, the extremely intense jaw originates from the exceptionally extreme eating regimen, which normally incorporates crude, solidified meat or walrus cover up (Morrison and Germain 12-13). The virus water of the Arctic gives the Inuit a wide range of food. The absolute most significant piece of the Inuit diet is the seal. There are six sort of seal that the Inuit chase for food: the Ringed Seal, the Harbor Seal, the Harp Seal, the Gray seal, the Bearded Seal and the Hooded seal. The fish chased for food are primarily cod and salmon. Whales that were murdered for food incorporate the Bowhead whale, the Narwhal and the Beluga, and another significant piece of their eating routine is the omnipotent walrus. The land creatures that give the Inuit food are the Polar bear, Caribou, Musk-Ox and the littler game incorporates Arctic wolves, foxes and rabbits, additionally ground squirrels and earthy colored lemmings. The feathered creatures that present for prey are the ducks, geese, swans, nut cases and even the eggs of the winged animals in the late-spring months. The Inuit most loved food was generally seal, caribou, walrus liver and the skin of whales. The chases in the wint er months included polar bears, cold foxes and ice bunnies, and the chases in the mid year months generally included caribou, geese, and walrus. The creatures are not squandered once deprived of all their meat. Nearly everything on the creature is put to a type of utilization. The pelts of the greater and littler creatures are utilized for apparel and safe house from security of the chilly climate. The prongs of the caribou, the ivory of the walrus tusk and the bone of the whale and musk-bull can be utilized for knifes and harpoons(Morrison 64-137). Frankenstein and the Romantic Era EssayUntil as of late their had been no Inuit craftsmen on the grounds that they didnt have time in their life for workmanship. The main type of craftsmanship in the past had been inertly cutting seabirds or seals in delicate stone. Inuit decorated things that were significant like lances, spears or channels. Toys for youngsters would be cut out of bone or delicate stone. Inuit attire was frequently beautified with minor dabs. Covers were likewise significant items in their functions. The Inuit had faith in a unique supernatural force that was contained in the entirety of nature. They followed their ministers and shamans in moving toward this force in the best possible manner by living in amicability with nature. The shaman would lead moves performed to respect nature. At different occasions people would go alone into nature to more readily comprehend their relationship with it. They underscored lifes significant events, for example, the naming of a child at 8 days old enough. They were typically named after a relative who passed on. On the off chance that they didn't live to 8days they were not grieved as they had never lived (Dorothy and Blaker 159). Eskimo life is vastly different at this point. The greater part of the individuals live in towns or little settlements. They wear present day apparel, live in current houses, and eat food bought from stores. Rather than kayaks and canine sleds, they use speedboats and snowmobiles. Many have revoked the local religion for Christianity. Numerous Eskimos presently work for compensation, however a significant number are jobless and require government help to live. In the Soviet Union at present there are roughly 1,500 Eskimos living on the upper east tip of Siberia. During the 1920s the Communist government assumed responsibility for all Eskimo people group. They furnished medicinal services and assisted with lodging and instruction. The Eskimos were urged to deliver merchandise available to be purchased all through the nation. A few instances of accomplishments around there were reindeer covers up, walrus tusks, and bone and soapstone carvings. In Alaska the Eskimo populace is roughly 42,000. By the mid 1900s, rifle chasing and catching extraordinarily decreased the quantity of game creatures. They started to chase reindeer which had been gotten from Siberia by the U. S. government. They became U. S. residents in 1924. During World War II (1941-1945) they worked at U. S. army installations; a short time later, low maintenance occupations were the main business accessible. Numerous currently rely upon the legislature to improve day to day environments. Eskimos profited, to a little degree, from the 1968 oil strike. The greater part of the Eskimo kids don't complete secondary school. Canadas Eskimo populace is around 25,000. Their lives didnt change a great deal until the 1950s. The hide exchange declined, and the quantity of caribou diminished after rifle utilize expanded. Increasingly more of the Eskimos moved to networks created around exchanging posts, government managerial workplaces, military radar destinations, and mission holy places. Development occupations were abundant for a while. The Canadian government assistedthrough the advancement of business angling cooperatives and handiworks. Soapstonesculptures are offered to individuals in Canada and the United States. The administration gives help budgetary guide and human services. Greenland is by and by an area of Denmark, in the wake of being a Danish state for a long time. There are roughly 50,000 Eskimos living there. In the mid 1900s they started to take part in business angling. An adjustment in atmosphere warmed beach front waters; this drove seals north and pulled in cod, salmon, and other fish. Presently thereafter, the Danish government built up projects to help the Eskimos. They improved instruction, lodging, and social insurance other than giving preparing to employments in assembling and administration ventures. The Eskimos who live in northern Greenland despite everything follow the customary life (Coklin Web-website). Albeit numerous progressions have happened since their predecessors previously showed up in North America, there are right around 120,000 Eskimos despite everything living in the Far North. To endure they have been compelled to fight climate and afterward the impact of white men; from numerous points of view the last has been considerably more testing to their continuance. WORKS CITEDMorrison, David and Germain, Georges-Herbert. Inuit: Glimpses of an Arctic Past. Canadian Museum of Civilization: Blanchette, 1995Morrison, David. Cold Hunters: The Inuit and the Diamond Jenness. Canadian Museum of Civilization: Hull, 1992Halderson, Karen, MPH, RD. The Frozen North Native: Food Practices, Customs, and Holidays. US of America: ADA and ADA. Inc, 1993Ray, Dorothy and Blaken, Alfred A. Eskimo: Mask and Ceremony. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1967Coklin, Martin. Correlation of the First Nations Peoples of Canada. English Columbia: Camosun College, 15 Oct, 2002http:

How to Write a Short Essay For College

How to Write a Short Essay For CollegeIf you're at all interested in how to write a short essay for college, then I've got a little bit of good news for you. As you'll discover in this article, there are a few useful tips and tricks that you can follow that will help you create some very well-written essays. You might even be surprised by the results you get!The first tip I want to tell you about how to write a short essay for college is to make sure that your writing style is different. Most people, when they're trying to write essays, simply do what most writing styles suggest, and they try to memorize a bunch of material in order to get a good grade. This isn't the best way to go about it.Take some time to learn how to use a different kind of writing style for an essay, and to really let your ideas come out naturally. You should also think about having a paper or topic of some sort that you're really passionate about. When you bring that up, you should be able to show that off in a very convincing way.The second thing I want to tell you about how to write a short essay for college is to take some time to read up on the material you're going to be writing about. I say this because the things you know about might actually be incorrect. You might have a preconceived notion about something, and you're just going to throw that out of the window when you're actually trying to write a paper.In other words, you should be able to find out everything you need to know about a topic before you start writing your essay. This way, you can avoid a lot of possible problems and you can write better essays. It's actually quite amazing how quickly you can get a paper out of your head if you have a general idea ofwhat you're talking about.So, here's the third tip I want to share with you about how to write a short essay for college: pay attention to the way you prepare for the essays that you're going to submit, and make sure that they're all going to be correct papers. If you do this, you'll have a much better chance of getting your assignment accepted, because you're going to have a really strong subject in them. And getting a good grade on the paper will be much easier.And finally, I want to tell you about a really strong subject for your essay: science. You may think that science is such a dry subject that no one wants to read it, but you would be very wrong. It's actually a very interesting topic that will help to develop your writing skills and make them stronger, and it will help you develop a love for the sciences.So if you're at all interested in how to write a short essay for college, I hope that these tips have helped you to get started. Your final goal is to make sure that you get a good grade on your essay. And when you do this, you'll feel so proud of yourself that you'll want to show it off to your friends!

The Regulatory Framework of Mauritius - Free Essay Example

Table of Contents What do you consider to be the best regulatory framework for Mauritius? Regulatory Framework of Mauritius A unified regulatory body (Single Peak) A unified regulatory framework may also give rise to some difficulties. A non-unified regulatory body (Twin Peaks) What are the main recommendations of the steering committee on the establishment of a new regulatory framework for the financial services sector in Mauritius? References What do you consider to be the best regulatory framework for Mauritius? In every institution, there are limits that regulate all the individuals within the community. Regulation is the process of promulgation, monitoring and enforcement of rules that is creating a new law to monitor individuals and to ensure that every individual is obedient. If these rules are not enough to regulate individuals, the enforcement of rules is required. Likewise in the financial market, the need of regulatory bodies is required. It can take form of a public authority or government agency but there are also independent regulatory agencies which are not associated with government. Financial regulation is important to maintain integrity in the financial market. If a new financial institution is to be opened, it must abide to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines. There is no restriction or exemption; all financial institutions whether big or small must follow the same rules. Regulatory Framework of Mauritius The existing financial structure of Mauritius is a non- unified one. The Financial structure should actually have been a transition one which would have firstly consisted of a Twin Peak Model which would lately have been merged together to form a unified structure. Nonetheless, there is still a regulatory body for the banking sector and another one for the non banking sector. The Bank of Mauritius (BOM) is the authority which has been set up for the regulation of banks. The non banking sectors, on the other hand are under the responsibility of the financial Services Commission (FSC). Both the FSC and BOM follow risk- based supervision approaches and formal strategies to centre their resources on those institutions and practices that include bigger risks. In recent years, the financial markets of Mauritius have undergone growth and have also been successful in weathering the global financial crisis reasonably well. Despite this, due to the emergence of complex financial structures with overlapping activities in different areas of the financial sector, it was perceived that it might prove more efficient to carry out an integrated form of regulation for financial services. Moreover, regardless of past issues and the minor problems that may have occurred with the ministry of finance or government, the regulatory bodies of Mauritius have been doing a rather good job. The Banking sector of Mauritius kept performing well even after the problem that it faced due to the Barclays bank. Mauritiusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Banking sector was ranked 15th out of 144 in The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013 of the World Economic Forum. Nevertheless, the issue of whether to have separate specialist bodies or a unified supervisory agency continues to provoke intense debate amongst academicians, practitioners and in government quarters. The structure of financial services sector throughout the world is undergoing dynamic changes. Will Mauritius need to redesign its financial regulatory structure to increase effectiveness and confidence remains the question. As there had been the past failure of 3 banks and 3 insurance companies, Mauritius requires vigilance and strong supervision in the maintenance of an overall stable financial system. Should Mauritius shift from a Twin peaks to a Single peak? First of all, we should keep in mind that having a Twin peaks or a single peak will not always guarantee effective supervisions. Both a unified and non-unified body will have its advantages and disadvantages. A unified regulatory body (Single Peak) Supervise both banking and non- banking sector May lead to economies of scale in regulatory activities Overall economic welfare increases as financial institution saves costs by adopting a single building with single disciplines Maintains clarity and cohesion of the objectives It is argued that an overlapping problem arises when there are separate agencies for regulations because the two functions are interrelated. This can be avoided by unifying the system As Mauritius is a relatively small jurisdiction, its attractiveness as a financial centre of high standing might be increased with the adaptation of a single peak A single manager structure would be responsible for overseeing all activities in the financial sector and this might ensure that some financial institution do not have an unfair advantage for competing for customers It is also believed that a single regulator can respond much more quickly and effectively to market innovation and development It strengthens accountability of supervisors Unification would also result in cost saving through a single set of central support services by the sharing of infrastructure and administrative resources. Unification also helps in retaining a body of skilled professional staff by developing coherent human resource policy In a twin peaks, each supervisor will tend to defend his separate turf whereas in a single peak, both supervisors will cooperate and work together Due to advancements in technologies, there has been the blurring of boundaries between the banking, securities and insurance sectors. Hence it is said that a single regulatory body might be more efficient A unified regulatory framework may also give rise to some difficulties. It might be difficult to set up a single set of objectives for both the banking and non-banking sector Can suffer from the Christmas tree effect If a problem arises, the whole sector can be affected It may undermine the overall effectiveness of supervision by not recognizing the unique characteristics of the banking, securities and insurance industries. May only work in certain countries and may be more suited for developed financial systems. A non-unified regulatory body (Twin Peaks) 2 different agencies supervising banking and non-banking activities Might create conflicts between agencies. In the case of Mauritius, the Bank of Mauritius might make some decisions which the Financial Services Commission do not approve If the staff are responsible and know their respective works well, it might be better to work in a non-unified regulatory framework rather than a unified one Through a Twin Peaks, more emphasis might be put on the different sectors. For eg: If a problem arises in the banking sector and at the same time another problem arises in the insurance sector; tackling the problem might be easier as the BOM would concentrate only on the banking sector while the FSC on the insurance. This will also prevent work overload If tomorrow a problem arises with a leasing company and a proper solution is not found. People might hold the regulatory body responsible. Hence, if there is a unified regulatory body, the banking sector as well might be affected as people will lose trust When adopting a non-unified regulatory body, it may be possible to achieve more than the desired result if there are good cooperation Even though it is believed that a single regulator can respond much more quickly and effectively to market innovation and development, the Twin Peaks as well might be as effective if the personnel is well trained and knows his responsibility In UK it was seen that they are adopting the Twin Peaks model in the view that: Each supervisory arm would make their own, separate, set of regulatory judgments against different objectives while coordinating internally to maximize the exchange of information in what is termed independent but coordinated regulation. In the case of Mauritius it might be thought that swapping to a single peak framework might improve effectiveness and confidence. However it would all be determined by the global trends in the financial market, the social and economic aspects of Mauritius. To transform its goals into action, Mauritius has to respond more forcefully to its dynamic environment. Policies should be strengthened to reassure investors of the solidity of the economic sectors and the transparency with which economic information is disseminated to economic operators and users. Such an approach would promote good governance and investor confidence, which, in turn, would contribute to sustained economic growth. As Mauritius is a relatively small jurisdiction, it does not have the advantage of having a long established track record nor an efficiently operating financial market. Hence unifying the regulatory body may be considered as necessary to heighten the credibility and the quality of financial secto r regulation and supervision in a strategic approach to develop Mauritius as a more credible financial centre. As stated by the Minister, Mr. Xavier- Luc Duval; Making Mauritius a financial center is not an easy task. It indeed takes some time to establish a good reputation and see it grow as a financial centre. To make this possible, the jurisdiction, existing laws and economic stability are very important. Unfortunately recent scandals such as the white dot case and theSunkai case prompted the authority to sound the alarm. It must thus be noted with regret that without a good regulatory framework and enforcement of laws, some financial intermediaries would not at all hesitate to deceive investors. Hence, the government might consider a unified body to be the best regulatory framework for Mauritius but at the same time the government might also opt to continue with the existing framework that is Twin Peaks but improve it. Mauritius would thus continue to be an attractive c entre for financial services if well managed. It is very difficult to choose one of the financial regulatory structures. There is no best or ideal model that would fit every country. What are the main recommendations of the steering committee on the establishment of a new regulatory framework for the financial services sector in Mauritius? According to the Manraj report, the main recommendations of the steering committee are as follows: A unified financial regulatory authority, covering both banking and non-banking activities, be established in a phased manner, as follows: Phase 1consist of the immediate establishment of a Financial Services Commission. Phase 2 consist of the eventual integration of the Financial Services Commission with the Bank of Mauritius. The Financial Services Commission will be responsible for the licensing, regulation and supervision of all non-bank financial services. It will also be responsible for the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services. The Financial Services Commission will take over the duties and functions of the Stock Exchange Commission, the Insurance Division and the Mauritius Offshore Business Activities Authority (MOBAA) as well as the regulation of all presently unregulated activities in the financial sector. The Financial Services Commission will be managed by a Board which will be chaired by the Managing Director of the Bank of Mauritius. There will also be the presence of a Vice Chairperson and such other members as may be appointed by the Minister. The Financial Services Commission will facilitate the smooth integration of the onshore and offshore activities. An appropriate legal framework is proposed for establishing the Financial Services Commission. A Financial Services Advisory Council will be established with the objective of giving overall direction and advice towards the development of the financial services sector. The Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of the Advisory Council will be the Minister of Finance and the Minister responsible for Financial Services respectively. The other members will be the Governor of the Bank of Mauritius, the Chairperson and the Chief Executive of the Financial Services Commission, as well as practitioners from Mauritius and from overseas having an extensive exposure to financial sector development. The establishment of a Financial Services Promotion Agency (FSPA) is being proposed as a separate entity. It will act as a one-stop-shop for the development and promotion of the financial services industry. The FSPA will work in close collaboration with the Board of Investment to devise strategies to attract investors to the financial sector of Mauritius. The FSPA will also be responsible for human resource development and keep abreast of technological advances in that sector. References Business Mega; 9th April 2013 https://business.mega.mu/2013/04/09/preserve-integrity-financial-system-mauritius/

Learning About Financial Aid Isnt Just For Parents of High School Seniors

HomeFinanceFinancial aidLearning About Financial Aid Isnt Just For Parents of High School SeniorsThis page may contain affiliate links.Oct 23, 2019Back in 2016, in a huge shift to make it easier to fill out financial aid forms and get financial aid decisions back from colleges earlier, yearly FAFSA forms became available on October 1st instead of January 1st. In addition, families then had to use tax information from two years prior to when their student started college. These changes allowed families the chance to get financial aid information earlier from colleges and in turn have earlier conversations with their student about where to attend and how much college will cost. The changes made a difference, but, the real key to determining college affordability is to start doing research and having conversations much earlier than senior year. Ideally families should begin the process of understanding college costs and financial aid at the start of high school. Here are some tips for starting the process of understanding financial aid and how much college will cost your family Know Your Expected Family Contribution Your EFC is the magic number the federal government generates when you fill out the FAFSA. This is the key to knowing the amount you will be expected to contribute to your child’s education. The amount will probably seem unrealistically high to you (and it could conceivably be even higher), so it’s important to know early what you’ll be on the hook for so you can prepare. [How FAFSA Calculates Your EFC] If your income and assets don’t change from year to year, it’s easy to predict early with the College Board’s EFC calculator, which will also calculate your â€Å"institutional EFC† for private colleges. Use the federally generated EFC as a guideline, not the final word, because many colleges will charge you more than your EFC. Your initial EFC will be based on tax return informationfrom two years prior to the year your child begins college. Essentially, the tax year ending with December of your students high school junior year, is the tax year information that will be used to determine your EFC and financial aid eligibility for when your child applies to college. As you know these timelines, youd be prudent to start understanding financial aid, AT LEAST when you student is in 10th grade and starting 9th grade would be even better. Learn more How is Your FAFSA EFC Calculated? Understand How the FAFSA is Used It’s not just the federal government who uses the form for financial aid. Many states, institutions, and scholarship programs use the FAFSA to determine financial aid eligibility for state and institutional awards, too. Even if your student doesn’t qualify for a federal Pell grant or work-study at a public university, he may qualify for institutional aid and work-study at a private college as determined by the FAFSA. Keep yourself on track with the financial aid process by knowing what you need to do and when Download our Financial Aid Timeline * indicates required Email Address * First Name * Last Name * Understand Need Versus Merit Aid There are basically two types of financial aid for college: Need-based aid and Merit Aid, which translates into Merit Scholarships, and itis important to understand their differences. Need-based aid is aid that is predicated on a family’s income only. Your family may qualify for need aid at a private college but not at a public university, or you may qualify for aid at both. Each college is different. Merit-based aid is typically awarded for top academic performance, but also for less obvious attributes, such as leadership, community service, music, geographic diversity, and sports. Colleges want to improve their reputation and national ranking, and one way to do that is to attract exceptional students. Some colleges award automatic scholarships for a top GPA range. Families of all income levels who have students who excel in academics, sports or the arts should look for merit scholarships. Families whose income levels will not cover college costs should look at colleges that give good need-based aid. Learn more: Using Data To Find Merit Scholarships Quick report to help you compare up to 3 schools on the important statistics you should be looking at for either need or merit-based aid. How to Help Your Child Prepare For the ACT/SAT Becoming familiar with the ACT or SAT is key to your child increasing his/her test scores and chances of acceptance to the college of their choice. It also opens doors for scholarships and grant money. Strategy plays a huge part in how well students do on the tests. Some kids are able to prep well on their own with sample tests and books, while others will do better taking a prep class. Of course, we want our students to score well for the chance of increased college money, but keep in mind that too much pressure on a child to perform well can backfire with increased anxiety. Keep your own anxiety about money in check. Learn more: How to Plan Your Studying: SAT/ACT Prep Calendar Map Out Financial Aid Deadlines Begin looking at application deadlines in late summer or early fall to map them out on a calendar or spreadsheet, and check each college’s financial aid forms it requires. Most colleges will only require the FAFSA, but if your child applies to a selective CSS Profile college either â€Å"early decision† or â€Å"early action† (offered by a few schools), additional financial aid forms will be due—all at different times. Help your child make a calendar of deadlines, both applications and all financial aid forms. The fall of senior year is busy and it’s easy to miss things. Learn About the Loan Process When colleges return their financial aid letters to your student, it will likely include two types of federal loans, federal direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans. Sometimes the loans are called Stafford Loans. There’s also the Federal PLUS loan for parents and graduate students. If you need to go into deep debt to send your child to college, it’s worth considering another college or another avenue altogether. And, ifyou need more than what the federal loans offer, you’re veering into private loan territory. In that case, it’s worth reading up so you know what you’re getting into. This articlewill tell you everything you need to know about private loans.Another possibility for financing college is a home equity loan. Learning all you can about the financial aid process and all the characters involved, and learning about them BEFORE you really need to make some decisions, will alleviate a lot of the stress when that time comes.

The Lord Family Mansion At The Beginning Of The Film

When I see the locations of the Lord family mansion at the beginning of the film, I observe that there has a yard in front of the Lord family mansion. Different kinds of flowers and trees are planted in the yard. Besides, on the right side of the Lord family mansion, there has a lake or sea. Undoubtedly, the location of the Lord family mansion is very good. Based on the location and the look of the mansion, I believe the family, which owns this mansion, is a wealthy family. In the film, I see that there are many luxurious and ornamental decorations in the lord family mansion. For instance, the classical clock and the beautiful plates in the living room are quite luxurious and ornamental. Also, the family owns many valuable possessions. For example, the private car that parking in front of the mansion seems very expensive and valuable. When Tracy and her sister are going outside, they have their own driver to drive them out. Overall, it clearly tells us that they are a wealthy family. I learn about them through the settings of the film, the plots, and the production design in the film. The producer introduces the major characters through their actions, says and what they own. First, at the beginning of the film, Tracy cracks Dexter s golf s instrument and throws it away. It is an impolite behavior. As a polite lady, Tracy should give Dexter back his stuffs politely no matter how angry she is. Through what Tracy did, audience will think that Tracy is a brutal and impoliteShow MoreRelatedThe Lord Family Mansion At The Beginning Of The Film1262 Words   |  6 Pages1. When I first saw the locations of the Lord family mansion at the beginning of the film, I observed the yard that located in the front of the Lord family mansion, where different breeds of flowers and trees were planted. Beside the mansion, there was also a full size and clean swimming pool. Furthermore, at the beginning of the movie, I observed while Katharine was talking to her mother about the seco nd wedding, there were several maid and butler working on food and declaration in the backgroundRead More An essay on different genres including the Ghost genre and the Fantasy2197 Words   |  9 Pageshave the mysterious and gripping Ghost Genre; the books I have studied are â€Å"The Woman in Black†, â€Å"The Langoliers† and the spooky film, â€Å"The Others†. The second genre is Fantasy Adventure. The book I am studying is â€Å"Lirael†, a recent book written by Australian author Garth Nix. â€Å"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of The Ring†, directed by Peter Jackson is the film that I am analysing. There are many, definite trends to ghost stories, no matter what the novel is about. They are all usuallyRead MoreCompaing Two Film Versioins of Romeo and Juliet Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesCompaing Two Film Versioins of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy, written by William Shakespeare. The play takes place in Verona, Italy, where two rivalry families are constantly feuding and disturbing the citys peace. The two children of the quarrelling families, fall in love and are married in secret. Another brawl occurs and in revenge for his best friendsRead MoreHimachal Pradesh8795 Words   |  36 Pageshydro electric power can be generated in the State by constructing various major, medium, small and mini/micro hydel projects on the five river basins. The state is also the first state in India to achieve the goal of having a bank account for every family. As per the current prices, the total GDP was estimated at 25,435 crore ( 254,350,000,000), as against 23,024 crore ( 230,240,000,000) in the year 2004–05, showing an increase of 10.5%. 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Sokol and Mary Sokol note in Shakespeare, Law, and Marriage, â€Å"the convention among t he gentry and aristocracy was for marriages to be arranged by families with a view to securing advantages or alliances, conforming to a patriarchal model.† Numerous early modern conductRead MoreWomen as Commodity8899 Words   |  36 Pageshistorians of the early modern period have documented the value attached to daughters as a means by which to advance family name and social position. Although marriage formations differed widely according to social ranking, as B.J. Sokol and Mary Sokol note in Shakespeare, Law, and Marriage, â€Å"the convention among the gentry and aristocracy was for marriages to be arranged by families with a view to securing advantages or alliances, conforming to a patriarchal model.† Numerous early modern conductRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesnarratives: both fiction and nonfiction anti-heroes concern with connections between people emotion-provoking humorous irony storytelling emphasized autobiographical essays Effect: ï‚ · too soon to tell Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · people beginning a new century and a new millennium media culture interprets values Analyzing Poetry: Poetry Tips Analyzing Poetry What is poetry? How is it analyzed? What are the elements of poetry? Good questions! This web page provides a quick overview ofRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesa stock joke in Paris. Yet we speak of ‘France’ and ‘the French’, recognizing France as an entity, a single civilization, which in fact it is. So also with ourselves. Looked at from the outsider even the cockney and the Yorkshireman have a strong family resemblance. And even the distinction between rich and poor dwindles somewhat when one regards the nation from the outside. There is no question about the inequality of wealth in England. It is grosser than in any European country, and you have onlyRead MoreA Study on Role of Advertisement in Promotion of Tourism in India15524 Words   |  63 Pagestemples: * Tirupati -the abode of Lord Venkateswara is the richest and most visited religious center (of any faith) in the world. Srisailam- the abode of Sri Mallikarjuna is one of twelve Jyothirlingalu in India. * Amravati’s Siva temple is one of the Pancharamams. ATTRACTIONS: * Charminar  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Center of the Hyderabad Old City. * Golkonda  Fort – Largest and 400 years oldest fort. * Makka Masjid– Masjid in Hyderabad City. * Ramoji Film City– Largest Film City in the world situated in Hyderabad

Vaccines Are More Effective As Adults - 948 Words

For the past few years, stories about vaccines have been told all over the news. There have been many arguments about them. People have been against them for personal reasons and because they are simply misinformed. However, what these people do not realize is how the benefits outweigh the risks. The benefits protect individuals as well as the community. Children are exposed to more risks, but some vaccines are more effective as adults. The risks of vaccines are extremely rare and should not be feared. Vaccinations not only affect an individual, but also affect the entire community. Vaccines help protect the community from getting deathly diseases that could easily be prevented with a simple shot. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2015, one hundred sixty nine cases and five outbreaks were reported in the United States. All cases were reportedly linked to the first outbreak in California. The disease spread in twenty states such as Washington, Utah, Texas, South Dakota, Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Nevada, New York, New Jersey, Nebraska, Minnesota, Michigan, Massachusetts, Illinois, Georgia, Florida, Delaware, Colorado, California, and Arizona (â€Å"Measles Cases and Outbreaks.†) The only way to possibly be immune to a disease is to have it. The death rate has changed over the years. Before the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, one hundred to one hundred and fifty people died and ten thousand people were hospitalized each year in the United States Show MoreRelatedInfluenza Vaccines And The Flu Vaccine1519 Words   |  7 PagesInfluenza Vaccines Summary This paper explores published works related to patients who received the flu vaccine who were sixty-five years and older. The evaluated articles examine the effectiveness the flu vaccine had on the patient population of sixty-five years and older in relation to avoiding the flu and pneumonia diseases and hospitalizations, in this group of patients. It has been conceded for years that senior adults age sixty-five and older are at greater risk from an influenza illness andRead MoreTaking a Look at Meningococcal Vaccination807 Words   |  3 Pages A vaccine is an antibiotic that allows your immune system to grow stronger and â€Å"immune† by producing excess antibodies specifically for that disease allowing your body to fight against the disease better. Vaccines are created through taking the disease and putting it through a series of processes where the virus is weakened to a certain state that it does minimal damage to your body when injected. This process is put into 5 step s by originally creating the antigen, next they release the antigenRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of The Hpv Vaccine1555 Words   |  7 Pagesimmunizations has been studies for years. Edward Jenner, the producer of the first vaccination, reduced the frequency of diseases through immunization (Mhaske 209). HPV and MMR vaccines elongate lives by immunizing them from harmful infections. Studies are being conducted to test the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine. The first HPV vaccine came out in June of 2006, but it was not released until 2007 (Vetter, Geller 1258) (Fonteneau 2). HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus; it is a sexually transmitted diseaseRead MoreMeningitis (Cdc, 2016).The Affordable Care Act Allows Children1343 Words   |  6 Pagesuntil the age of 26. The next set of recommended vaccines for adults are from the age of 60 and older. The elderly are exposed to many diseases due to weakened immune systems. According to the CDC 1 million adults are exposed to shingles and about 60 percent are hospitalized due to the influenza virus (CDC, 2016). They recommend getting the Flu vaccine, Varicella and Zoster vaccine to protect against the two previously mentioned. Another vaccine that is important is the Td or Tdap which protectsRead MoreMeasles Is A Contagious Disease860 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A few months ago thousands of people went on vacation to Disneyland to enjoy time with their families, but also unexpectedly faced potential exposure to measles. A disease that due to an effective vaccination program launched in the US in the early 1960’s was thought to be eradicated (Orenstein, 2004). This amusement park was a perfect medium for the airborne virus to find new hosts and with the increased number of unvaccinated children this provided the perfect circumstancesRead MoreAbstract. The Common Cold And Influenza Are Two Common1156 Words   |  5 Pagesillness can often be mistaken for each other due to the overlapping symptoms. The two symptoms that seem to present when the flu is occurring are a fever with a cough. Prevention is also similar for both of the illnesses with the exception of an actual vaccine that can be administered annually for flu prevention. Diagnosis can occur in the physicians office according to the individuals symptoms that are presen ting or by completing an rapid flu test. Treatments are also similar for both the common cold andRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccines1478 Words   |  6 PagesNatalie Cardenas Nicholas Morris English 121 10/03/2017 Should vaccines be mandated? Vaccines have become an important innovation to health throughout the years. A vaccine is a product that produces immunity from a disease and can be given by the nose or the mouth. The word â€Å"vaccines† comes from a disease that occurred ages ago named cowpox that affected cows. The word vaccine is derived from the latin word â€Å"vacca† meaning cow.   Vaccines cause immunization, a process by which a person becomes protectedRead MoreFlu Shots Should Be Legal719 Words   |  3 PagesFlu shots should not be optional    What is the influenza virus? From Mayo Clinic â€Å"Influenza is a respiratory infection that can cause serious complications, particularly in young children, older adults and people with certain medical conditions. Flu shots are the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications†. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone 6 months of age or older be vaccinated annually against influenza. Especially those vulnerableRead MoreChickenpox683 Words   |  3 Pagesinto scabs. Rash first on face, chest, and back. The rash then spreads to inside mouth, eyelids, and genital area. Chickenpox is rarely fatal however more severe to men than women or children. Infants, persons with weak immune systems, and pregnant women have a greater chance of contracting the virus. The also stand a greater chance of developing more serious complications that include skin infection, bone infections, joint infections, pneumonia, inflammation or infection of the brain, blood streamRead MoreVaccines776 Words   |  4 PagesThesis question: Do parents have a right to withhold vaccines from their children for philosophical reasons, or should parents be forced to have their children immunized for the good of society? Thesis statement: â€Å"Since vaccines have been invented, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the belief whether parents should immunize their children for the benefit of the society or withhold vaccines for personal reasons†. Introduction: It is inevitable that media, especially tabloids and

Thomas Hobbes And John Locke - 1346 Words

Social Contracts Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English political philosophers, who have had a lasting impact on modern political science. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both spent much of their lives attempting to identify the best form of government. Locke and Hobbes were among the most prominent of theorists when it came to social contract and human rights. A Social Contract is an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, are the two basic figures of differentiating viewpoints when it comes to the social contract. While both agree that societies and governments should coexist with one another, their opinions on how the two operate in relation to one another differ on many important points. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both agreed that a leader or ruler was absolutely necessary for a country to succeed. Without a leader, the country would fail. They both believed a ruler should reside supreme. Hobbes thought that only one man, a king, should have the right to govern the people. One king should make the decisions, write the laws, and control the people. Locke, on the other hand, felt that the people should be the main concern of the government. He believed that the people should have a say in everything the government decided, including who ruled over the country. Locke also believed that if the government did not uphold its responsibilities, then the people had the right to overthrow the government.Show MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke911 Words   |  4 Pagessocial contract theory, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke established many of the founding ideals that contemporary Liberalism is based on. While the shared many similar positions, there are some key distinctions to be made between the arguments Hobbes and Locke make in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Civil Government, respectively. In this paper I will argue the differences between how each of them viewed the right of the subjects to revolt from the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes published his most famousRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesEifling-Question 4 Hobbes and Locke During and after the English Revolution, a few philosophers expressed different views on their philosophical outlook and life experiences. Some of the most outstanding thinkers include Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. They had opposing views on governance matters, but the two, also, had striking similarities. In addition, the two represented an increasingly modernized European population that despised absolute kingship. Both Hobbes and Locke proposed a conceptionRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes1287 Words   |  6 Pagesknow how to balance and consider the nature of humankind and their rights. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were both political philosophers who developed theories about how the government should work. They set up their theories around The Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. Although John Locke and Thomas Hobbes had a similar goal, their beliefs and opinions were definitely not the same. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both believed in the Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. They both developedRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1494 Words   |  6 Pages1) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke share the basic assumption that a theory based off of abstract individualism, consent, sovereignty and reason will produce a peaceful and productive society. This theory is the liberal political theory, which is the philosophy of individual rights and a limited government. Both Hobbes and Locke both center the majority of their ideas off of how people’s lives should be based off of nature rights instead of natural law. This being said, people are also subject to theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke928 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no formed society, government, laws, safety, etc. both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke take this into perspective while introducing a political view. As illustrated by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, they proposed political views on how human nature can prosper. Initially, Thomas Hobbes introduces a concept on the state of nature and its effects as well as how peace can be achieved. In Leviathan, Hobbes defines what living in a state of nature would be like and theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke888 Words   |  4 Pagesare very similar but diverge in the moments that solidify their stance on their opinion. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is both political scientist who have made strides in the area of social contracts and share being natural law theorist also. Locke and all other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal and there fore struck contracts with each other to secure safety among them. Hobbes assumed differently, thus his verdicts are very different from other natural law theoristsRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 PagesBy the second half of the 17th Century, England would experience one of the bloodiest conflicts in its history, ultimately serving to influence some of the mo st phenomenal political philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of dread in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheres we are a part of. For Hobbes and Locke, social contract theory sought to analyze the relationship between rulers and the ruledRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1361 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English thinkers in the seventeenth-century who s ideas became a key to the Enlightenment. Baron de Montesquieu and Voltaire were philosophers who applied the methods of science to understand and improve society. Thomas Hobbes believed in a powerful government. He believed people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish, and if they were not strictly controlled they would commit crimes and abuse one another. He believed that life with no government would be

Preserving Americ Protecting The Environment - 2630 Words

Mahon 1 Erin Mahon AP American Government Mr. White February 16, 2015 Preserving America Beautiful foliage, rare animals, and natural wonders exist within the United States because they are protected and desirable. Unfortunately, in the modern world, there is less focus on how to improve and protect the environment. The focus has been shifted towards how to get the most out of the environment. An environmentalist would frown upon the industrial mannerisms that current policy has been backing. This shift has resulted in many looking back to the roots laid by former environmental leaders including Presidents Teddy Roosevelt and Richard Nixon. By turning back the clocks and looking at the great strides previously made towards helping the environment we can truly see the change. The issues of the time greatly affect the focus of the issues. Thus, making the political climate, the catalyst for these environmental movements within the United States. When the people show passion for certain topics such as the environment, the administration pushes legislation that is relevant t o it. Therefore, during the 1900’s and the 1970’s the people and the administrations wanted to see environmental policies pushed through the bureaucracy. Although the two former presidents were different in terms of policy and valor, it is evident that Roosevelt and Nixon proved to be dynamic in their actions towards environmental policy and the preservation of the public’s interests to the environments

Testing the Effects of Radiation on Plants free essay sample

The purpose of this lab was to see if radiation has an effect on the cultivated radish seeds that we used. From the observed data that we collected, we were able to conclude that when seeds are exposed to radiation, it affects how they grow, if there is any growth at all. Introduction Radiation is an important environmental abiotic factor for plants, and one small section of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, is called the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), provides the energy to drive the light reactions of photosynthesis. Such radiation damages biological tissues by detaching electrons from the atoms that make up organic molecules. The results include radiation poisoning, cancer, and elevated mutation rates. Scientists use ionizing radiation to increase gene mutation rates in experimental organisms such as plants. The treated plants are then grown under selected environmental conditions in order to enrich the population with that mutant. The probability of generating â€Å"improved† mutants is low, and is what was observed in this lab using radish seeds exposed to various levels of high-energy gamma radiation (50-mrad, 100-mrad, 150-mrad, control). We will write a custom essay sample on Testing the Effects of Radiation on Plants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this lab, there were four questions observed: 1. Does exposure to high-energy electromagnetic radiation have a measurable effect on radish seed germination rates? 2. Does exposure to such radiation have a measurable effect on radish seedling growth? 3. If you can demonstrate any effect, is it dependent on the level of radiation exposure? 4. Do individuals in the population exhibit variations in their tolerance to radiation exposure? First Hypothesis: Ho: Seed germination has nothing to do with gamma radiation (50, 150, and 500) HA: Gamma radiation will have an effect on seed germination Second Hypothesis: Ho: Seedling growth will have nothing to do with gamma radiation levels HA: The gamma radiation levels will effect seedling growth differently, depending on the level. (50, 150, and 500) Materials and Methods Reference the Laboratory Exercises in Biology Chapter 17 Testing the Effects of Radiation on Plants pages 168 -169. Results Flaming Novas Plant Growth Table Control50 mrads150 mrads500 mrads Seeds: 09/185 cm NG 3. 9 cm2 cm Seeds: 09/2510. 5 cmNG6 cm6. 4 cm Seeds: 10/0213. 5 cmNG6 cm6. 7 cm Table 2: Test of Normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (N is greater than 50) Results are considered normal if p-value is greater than alpha level (0. 05). RadiationTest StatisticDfp-valueResult Control0. 060960. 20Significant 50 mRAD0. 107770. 028Not significant 150 mRAD0. 087890. 090Significant 500 mRAD0. 115840. 008Not significant Not all radiation levels were normal, so all data is considered not normal or non-parametric. Figure 1: Showing height of plants over three weeks of growth under radiation. Discussion For the first week of growth, the control (non-irridiated) was at a height of about 5 centimeters, second week about 10. 5 cm, and last week at final height of 13. 5 cm. The 50- mrad for all three weeks had no growth. The 150-mrad was at a height of about 3. 9 cm, and for week two and three stayed at 6 cm. The 500-mrad was at 2 cm for the first week, the second week was at 6. 4 cm and for the third week at 6. 7 cm. The control and radish seeds were all placed in a tray with one pellet of fertilizer and about the same amount of potting soil and was sprayed with water by the lab assistants on a daily basis. And once a week the same member from the Flaming Novas would measure the plants (myself). The control, which is the only one that is supposed to be radiation free grew the highest at 13. 5 cm; it was also the one that grew the most each week. The 50-mrad radish seed never experienced any growth. The 150-mrad radish seed shot up about 4 cm the first week and then the second and third week stayed at the same height. From these observations we can tell that there was a significant difference between the control and the radish seeds that were inflected with radiation. The ones that contained radiation either experienced no growth at all, experienced stunted growth, and were never as tall as the control. I reject both null hypothesizes, and fail to reject both alternative hypothesizes since the radiation did prove to have an effect on the radish seeds. Conclusion From the obtained data, we were able to fail to reject the alternate hypothesizes. Gamma radiation levels had effects on the radish seeds. We were able to determine these levels by comparing these results to the control which was just a radish seed that was never altered by any radiation for as far as we know.

Pornography and Prostitution Exploratorys Re Essay Example For Students

Pornography and Prostitution Exploratorys Re Essay search Papers Pornography and Prostitution The topic that I have been researching for the past few weeks has been prostitution. It has been very interesting so far. The studies have shown just exactly what the problems with prostitution are. In some of the older books I read, historians were interested mainly in discussing the attitudes toward prostitution but in more recent work the focus has been on prostitutes themselves including their range of alternatives, their conditions of work, their health and life spans, their careers-and interaction between prostitutes and others, such as reformers, clients, or bosses. Studies about men and women, boys, and girls who have been involved in prostitution and/or pornography have revealed a lot. They are the hardest patients to treat. They say they want help, but nothing thats done to help them out works. They run back. They just dont seem to want to change. Women who have been subjected to continuous abuse and victimization over which they have no control or understanding have developed a sense of psychological paralysis that prohibits their ability to do anything positive about further victimization. They believe they are unable to change their destructive behavior. They become entrapped in helplessness and hopelessness. They feel themselves to be out of control of their lives. Essentially, they have developed a chronic disorder as a result of their victimization and an inability to separate themselves from the sexual exploitation in order to make a better life for themselves. In a recent study based on an analysis of 200 women street prostitutes, 78% reported starting prostitution as juveniles; and 68% were 16 or younger when they started prostitution. A majority of the juvenile prostitutes described family structures with the outward appearances of stability. Over three-fourths reported having a religious upbringing. Forty percent were raised by both mother and father. The younger the prostitute, the more educated the family. Yet, despite the religious, financial, and other appearances of success, the study revealed a number of problems occurring within the family. More than half the prostitutes had parents involved in excessive drinking. In over half the families the child saw the father hit the mother violently and 62% of the subjects were themselves beaten while growing up. Only in a few cases was the beating related to something the subject did. The most damaging psychologically are those cases in which the victims could not figure out why they were being beaten or those in which they were being beaten for no special reason. Only 19% of the subjects reported having any kind of positive relationship with their parents while growing up. Sixty-one percent of the women in this study were sexually abused as juveniles by an average of two people each. Victims ranged from 3 to 16 with the average being 10 years. Two-thirds of the victims were sexually assaulted by father figures. Seventy percent of the women reported that the sexual abuse affected their decision to become a prostitute. Here is one girls story: I was only 11 when it happened. I felt sick and disgusted I wanted to die; I thought everyone could tell what he did to me by looking at me.. .I thought my mother would think I was crazy if I told her or maybe she wouldnt even have cared; shes like that. She doesnt want to lay her trip on meHe didnt even love me: he just wanted to try something new. After I ran away, I tried to get a straight job, but who would hire a 12-year old dropout who was nuts?At first when they tried to talk me into prostituting I said no. Finally, I was scared and hungry and lonely. I figured I was already ruined. .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 , .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .postImageUrl , .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 , .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70:hover , .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70:visited , .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70:active { border:0!important; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70:active , .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70 .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9bbf84266a13d7125e80ac6e58be0a70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Education for Rizal... Education for me... Essay I couldnt ever go back home after what happened, so what did I have to lose? The emotional impact from abuse is extremely negative. It affects the way women feel about men, about sex, and about themselves. Almost half of the victims blamed themselves for the abuse, despite the fact that in almost every case either physical or emotional force was used on them. The horror of the incidence of sexual abuse is compounded by the fact that in .

The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil Essay Example

The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil Essay All good men face temptations. Some men may fall, but the choice to admit mistakes and become better for it is what matters most. In the stories of Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Chronicles of Nirvana: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, by C. S. Lewis, there are many examples of human nature between good and evil. These examples are portrayed by characteristics, symbols, and themes found throughout the story lines. In both stories, there is one idea in common that both authors used by means of symbols. On the other hand, there were also some unique differences. The good and evil of life and human nature clashing can be represented by attributes, symbols, and themes described In both stories. First, in both stories, each author addresses a particular attribute: while Hawthorne talks about fear, Lewis mentions forgiveness. Young Goodman Brown goes Into the forest to meet the devil In spite of the fact that his wife has prohibited It. From that point onward, Goodman Brown expresses his fear of the forest, which Is the devils domain and is described as a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, ND closed Immediately behind (Hawthorne 81). In the meantime, meeting with the devil brought him anxiety and fear, and eventually he lost his faith, mentioning, My Faith is gone (Hawthorne 86). Lewis, however, talks about forgiveness, showing Edmunds betrayal being forgiven by his brother and sisters as well as Aslant, the king of Nirvana. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even though Edmund negotiated with the White Witch to make himself superior, and was betrayed and held hostage by the Witch. Aslant rescued him and brought Edmund to his siblings, saying, There is no need to talk to him about what is sat (Lewis 139). In this respect, it is clear to see that both stories have difference in attributes. Secondly, both stories deal with two similar types of symbols, which play a role In tempting characters. Regarding the story, Goodman Brown, the devil gives the staff, which is an evil one, to Goodman Brown so that he can move more quickly toward the ceremony to check his wife, Faith. The devil says, Sit here and rest yourself a while; and when you feel Like moving again, there Is my staff to help you along (Hawthorne 84). Without hesitation, Goodman Brown uses the maple stick and as as speedily out of sight as if he had vanished into the deepening gloom (Hawthorne 84). Similarly, Edmund barters away his siblings to the White Witch due to Turkish Delight, thinking that each piece was sweet and light to the very center and Edmund had never tasted anything more delicious. It made him warm, and very comfortable (Lewis 37). For these reasons, it is easy to see that both stories have similar symbols in tempting main characters. Last, both stories have different themes relating to religious background; Hawthorne ended up Illustrating Goodman Browns sadness and misery along with lilt; on the contrary, Lewis concluded with hope and happiness in life by redemption, similar to what Jesus Christ has done for all humankind. Even though willing to sacrifice himself in order to show tender mercy to Edmund in spite of the fact that he did not realize how important the sacrifice really was. After all, Edmund repented and was forgiven by his siblings. The author writes, Edmund shook hands with each of the others and apologized to each of them, and everyone said, thats all right (Lewis 139). At the end of the story, Edmund fought for Nirvana with his brother ND sisters, and they all found their kingdom that wonderful hall with the ivory roof and the west all hung with peacocks feathers and the eastern door which looks towards the sea, and thrones with endless Joy and happiness (Lewis 181). Contrary to this story, in the end, no matter if the moment in the forest was a real or dream, Goodman Brown keeps digging himself into his sorrow and grief after looking at humanity Satanism, his evil side, as reflected in the mirror of the real world. The author explains, Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder own upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers. When the family knelt down at prayer, he scowled and muttered to himself, and gazed sternly at his wife, and turned away (Hawthorne 89). For these reasons, both stories have different themes in ending. To sum up, attributes, symbols, and themes described in the two stories indicate the good and evil of life and human nature. In terms of attributes, Hawthorne mentions about fear by portraying Young Goodman Browns anxiety and fear of the forest and the devil. Lewis, however, remarks on forgiveness by describing the fact hat Aslant rescued Edmund although he betrayed all of his siblings. From a symbolic point of view, both characters, Goodman Brown and Edmund, had given into temptation. Goodman Brown uses the staff to travel faster, and Edmund eats Turkish Delight without caring about his siblings. From a standpoint theme, both authors have differences in making their novels endings. While Hawthorne ends up representing Goodman Browns constant feeling of guilt, Lewis makes conclusion with emphasizing hope and happiness from redemption by showing Clans will of sacrifice and Edmunds repentance.

Mississippi State University Admissions Requirements - How to Write an Essay That Gets Accepted

Mississippi State University Admissions Requirements - How to Write an Essay That Gets AcceptedHave you been asked to write an essay or academic paper about your high school experience in Florida Keys? There are several kinds of essays that can be requested, and a MIB (Mississippi Intestate Memoir) entrance essay sample is certainly one of them. The perfect essay should stand out, and if it does, then it should get the student noticed.First of all, a good essay should speak of what it means to be a student of this school. This will not only mean being a member of a community of students, but also have a major impact on your future in the best possible way.It is important to remember that your feelings and thoughts about the school experience will be yours alone. Even though it is encouraged that you write about what you experienced as a student there, you should not feel guilty about talking about your opinions. Your feelings about your school, of course, should not influence how the other students at your school to view you. Therefore, you should be careful in what you write about, as negative feelings can certainly hurt your chances of being accepted to Mississippi State University.By writing an essay, you will first need to make sure that it is well organized. This can be tricky, as many of the essays that are sent in do not come with an essay outline or structure. An ideal essay will be very structured and should include a number of sub-topics.Writing an essay that is well-structured, can be the difference between a MIB entrance essay sample that gets accepted, and one that does not. Most, if not all, of the essays that are required by the admissions office are standardized, and as such, the standards for success are relatively high. In other words, these are the kinds of essays that are fairly easy to understand and contain standard grammar and vocabulary.The great thing about writing an essay is that it is very similar to writing a report, and should have nothing like filler or fluff. You may be expected to write a dissertation-style paper, but all that really needs to be stated in the essay is the facts. Remember that what you are trying to do is speak of your life from a perspective that can help others understand it. If you were an outstanding student at your school, or if you had a good test score, chances are that other students will want to know that.For this reason, your essay should also be representative of who you are. You should include your hobbies, personality, values, and even just the way that you talk. It is important to remember that all the information that you give on an essay should have some relevance to your school.At Mississippi State University, your essay will be judged based on your writing, whether it is well-written or not. Your essay is the first piece of your application to the MSU, and so it should be the most impressive one.

Free Essays on Mathematics And Anthropology

Mathematics and Anthropology The ancient Mayans, for instance, used a base number of twenty in their calculations, twenty being the total number of digits on the human body. Their written system of numerals made working with twenty fairly easy – four horizontal bars above one another represented twenty units of five each, with individual units represented by a dot. Fourteen was thus denoted as two bars with four dots above. Counting systems based on units of five and twenty have also been found in Papua New Guinea. Other cultural traditions have used varying methods of counting, some by twos, some by fours, up until sixty, as with the ancient Sumerians. Mathematics is used, consciously or not, in a variety of cultural activities: in the creation and ornamentation of architectural structures; in figuring kin relations; in activities such as sewing, weaving, and beading; in hunting and navigation; in agricultural work such as laying out plots or understanding weather patterns and seasonal scheduling; in cooking and trade; in recreational activities such as gambling and gaming; as well as in spiritual symbolism.... Free Essays on Mathematics And Anthropology Free Essays on Mathematics And Anthropology Mathematics and Anthropology The ancient Mayans, for instance, used a base number of twenty in their calculations, twenty being the total number of digits on the human body. Their written system of numerals made working with twenty fairly easy – four horizontal bars above one another represented twenty units of five each, with individual units represented by a dot. Fourteen was thus denoted as two bars with four dots above. Counting systems based on units of five and twenty have also been found in Papua New Guinea. Other cultural traditions have used varying methods of counting, some by twos, some by fours, up until sixty, as with the ancient Sumerians. Mathematics is used, consciously or not, in a variety of cultural activities: in the creation and ornamentation of architectural structures; in figuring kin relations; in activities such as sewing, weaving, and beading; in hunting and navigation; in agricultural work such as laying out plots or understanding weather patterns and seasonal scheduling; in cooking and trade; in recreational activities such as gambling and gaming; as well as in spiritual symbolism....

Gender Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Dynamics - Essay Example The difference of sex and gender implies a great deal today as social reforms have transformed the world since the rule of the masculine species to a more restrained co-existing living with the feminine species. Just to draw a clear line between the two, sex refers to the biological characteristics distinguishing male and female. Sexual definition of the male and female species is characterized by their differences in the physical aspects such as chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, reproductive systems, and other physiological components. On the other hand, gender refers to the social, cultural, and psychological traits linked to males and females through particular social contexts. Therefore, sex makes people male or female while gender makes people masculine or feminine. Sex is an attributed status because a person is born with it, but gender is an acquired status because it is a learned behavior through a person’s interaction with society and culture (Lindsey 4). Citing the dif ference between sex and gender did not totally entail gender equality and societal restructuring but has largely contributed especially in behalf of the female species and all the feminists who work for the value of women in the society such as equality in all terms with men which have moved many people all over the world, not just females but as well as feminists males who believe in justice between both genders. From all the years that gender roles issues have gone through, modern day gender dynamics is an outcome of years of reforms and challenges in bringing gender equality in all aspects of the society. Despite all these changes, a question in mind still possess a degree of doubt of whether if the world has totally evolved into a society of equal co-existence and gender dynamics. Within the chapter are some readings that fall under this category. One of the readings, authored by Phyllis Chesler, talks about how gender dynamics are still biased in the modern society where everyb ody seems to be enjoying freedom and feminism seem to fail on this concept. Within the essay Chesler (231) defined the victors and pitfalls of feminism that lead to the modern day gender dynamics. According to Chesler (229), today is the time when woman can and must make a difference. Truly the world presently has well known feminine leaders, professionals, scientists, researchers, etc. that contributes as much if not more than the male counterpart. Feminism had ended gender biased injustices such as violence against women, rape, many forms of oppression and neglect directed to women and has paved way for equality in education, healthcare and workforce (Chesler 230). Today the world has more literate, productive and empowering women contributing to better outcome in economy, education and healthcare which is far from the traditional woman of the dark past who were stripped off the rights to power, to education, to freedom of choice and the right to property just assuming a secondary caring role behind the strength of a man (Chesler 230). Despite the remarkable changes gender roles leaped over the years still women are encouraged not to rest among these victories. Chesler (231) notes that gender inequality still exists in other parts of the world and the contemporary thinking has led feminism into passivity. The modern feminists are focused on sexual rights and issues of women that the movement for more significant changes for societal benefit lies behind. Today, though women can go for a man’s work same wage level is not assured. The society should be penetrated with equal gender dynamics to provide equality in all a

Tesco(supermarket) lost market share Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tesco(supermarket) lost market share - Essay Example On the other while some of the players in this industry such as Waitrose have been expanding the number of stores, Tesco has been doing very little with regard to their geographical accessibility. Despite the extension of floor space having been a major driver in the growth of Tesco in the past, they have not been doing it as aggressively as they used to do before. There are a number of things that Tesco Supermarket can do to regain market share. Tesco might consider staying relevant through innovation. One of the best ways through which a business organization can remain competitive is by identifying emergingtrends, trends before their competitors do (Kotler&Kotler 2012, p. 119). This will be possible if they pay close attention to the things that change in the lifestyle of their customers. Tesco supermarket should also consider getting in touch with their customers. At this age public relations is not all about receiving the complaints of customers. However, it has developed to the extent that business has to seek to know some of the things that they customers wish they could get from supermarkets. They should make sure that they do not make any assumptions about what their customers want, but get but creates avenues for continuous communication between them and their customers (Shafer 2011, p. 91). They should consider acting on the possible recommendations of their customers as soon as possible. Tesco supermarket should also consider simplifying the buying process. When buying processes are deemed to be lengthy and complicated, many customers will always opt for somewhere where the process is simpler. Accessibility is always important for any chain of stores. Customers might be willing to purchase from a certain supermarket, but fail to do so because the supermarket does not have any stores in their locality (Gordon 2002, p. 201). Given that Tesco has not been recently active in terms of expansion, it would be beneficial for them to start

Pre-Colombian America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pre-Colombian America - Essay Example England captured the Chesapeake Bay and Maryland in the year in 1814 and they adopted an offensive strategy there. The factors in the land were favorable for the expansion of Britain in the region and it experienced British incursions which soon resulted in the conquest of the land. The bayside region was very favorable condition to the British expansion and the region was crucial in order to create a diversion in the East so that the American troops would be on the defensive. The confusion among the troops which were poorly trained helped the British troops to conquer the lands. Among the events of historical importance, colonial New England possesses a considerable position in American history as well as the history of British colonial expansion. "In a continuing quest for understanding of the nature of meaning of the New England experience and of its relationship to the larger themes of American development, scholars in previous generations have focused upon three main problems: the character and evolution of New England Puritanism, the nature of the New England town, and the contribution of the region to the American Revolution" (Greene 1974, 171-194). There have been great inconsistency between the various unsophisticated societies of the British North America in the seventeenth century. However, this variation gradually declined by the next century as the societies there began to be multifaceted in nature. The differences and other varying factors did not hinder the sharing of general cultural order. The various efforts toward independence helped the Am erican societies of diverse localities including Chesapeake and New England to unite among them and to experience the common American feeling in their... Among the events of historical importance, colonial New England possesses a considerable position in American history as well as the history of British colonial expansion. â€Å"In a continuing quest for understanding of the nature of meaning of the New England experience and of its relationship to the larger themes of American development, scholars in previous generations have focused upon three main problems: the character and evolution of New England Puritanism, the nature of the New England town, and the contribution of the region to the American Revolution† (Greene 1974, 171-194). There has been a great inconsistency between the various unsophisticated societies of the British North America in the seventeenth century. However, this variation gradually declined by the next century as the societies there began to be multifaceted in nature. The differences and other varying factors did not hinder the sharing of general cultural order. The various efforts toward independence helped the American societies of diverse localities including Chesapeake and New England to unite them and to experience the common American feeling in their nature. That is to say, they became more American in nature and feeling. To make the distinction between the two regions, â€Å"the early Chesapeake, not New England, is the true exemplar of colonial social development† (Main 1989, 764-766). Whereas the Chesapeake is noted for its unrelenting â€Å"Englishness,† the New England is condemned of its petty narrow-mindedness.

Discrete Choice Experiment :: Analysis, Random Utility Theory

The CE is founded on neoclassical micro-economic consumer theory. It assumes that consumers are highly rational decision makers who seek to optimize their utility by selecting the best option among the available alternatives, subject to constraints such as time and income (Ben-Akiva & Lerman 1985). So, a consumer makes a decision by evaluating the costs and benefits of the given alternatives, and selects among them which yields the highest utility to him/her (benefits-cost). In the CE, the choice is discrete in nature (Hanemann 1984), that is, only one alternative from the given choice set can be selected. Therefore, it is also known as discrete choice experiment (DCE). The alternative j will be chosen over some option g, if expected utility for individual, i , (Uij) exceeds the expected utility (Uig) for all alternatives. This implies that the probability of selecting an option is likely to increase with utility from the option and probability (P) that individual, I, will choose option j over other options g in a complete choice set R, is given by: P (jïÆ' ·C) = P{ (Uij >Uig, s.t. ï€ ¢ g Є R, and j ≠ g)} (2) Usually, in non-market valuation studies using CE model, respondents are given a choice card containing three alternatives including status-quo (current situation) to select. These alternatives in the choice set are outcomes of policies or programs related to the problem being investigated and distinguished by different levels. The levels could be either qualitative or numerical. The effects of the alternatives are described based on the Lancaster’s characteristics theory of value (Lancaster 1966). The theory states that an individual derives utility from the attributes possessed by the goods rather than the goods per se. The choices; therefore, are considered as a function of the attributes that the given alternatives hold. Including the outcomes of policies or programs related to mitigate the damaged caused by invasive plant species, Mikania in particular, a monetary value is included as one of the attributes as the policy cost to the respondent. Since, the alternatives are evaluated indirectly through their characteristics; it may be possible that consumers may have preference ordering over the attributes included (Lancaster 1966). It is widely accepted that an increase in a level of the preferred attributes or positive externalities such as; biodiversity, forest products and income generating activities, will result, ceteris paribus, in high utility from the goods or services to respondents. On the other hand, the utility from the goods or services decreases with increasing the level of the unwanted attributes or negative externalities such as abundance of invasive plants, pollution and in most cases monetary value.

Swot Analysis of Dell Computers

Dell Computer Corporation started in 1984 by Michael Dell with this very simple premise as its basic foundation: that personal computers could be built and sold directly to customers and by doing this, Dell could address their specific needs and provide the best computing solutions that meet those needs. Dell’s Direct Method provides two distinct advantages: 1. reducing marketing and sales cost by eliminating markups of distributors and retailers and 2. building to order reduced inventory costs and risks of retaining inventories. Dell’s Direct Model is the main reason why it has achieved its stellar status in business today. This strategic model enables Dell to interact with customers directly providing them with fast, reasonably-priced and friendly means of production and distribution. SWOT Analysis of Dell Computer Strengths Dell's Direct Model approach of enables the company to offer direct relationships with customers such as corporate and institutional customers. Their strategic method also provides other forms of products and services such as internet and telephone purchasing, customized computer systems; phone and online technical support and next-day, on-site product service. This extensive range of products and services is definitely one of Dell’s strengths. Dell Computer's award-winning customer service, industry-leading growth and consistently strong financial performance differentiate the company from competitors for the following reasons: Price for Performance – Dell boasts a very efficient procurement, manufacturing and distribution process allowing it to offer customers powerful systems at competitive prices. Customization – Each Dell system is built to order to meet each customer’s specifications. Reliability, Service and Support – Dell’s direct customer allows it to provide top-notch customer service before and after the sale. Latest Technology – Dell is able to introduce the latest relevant technology compared to companies using the indirect distribution channels. Dell turns over inventory for an average of every six days, keeping inventory costs low. The company's application of the Internet to other parts of the business –including procurement, customer support and relationship management — is growing at a rate of 30 percent. The company's Web site received at least 25 million visits at more than 50 country-specific sites. Weaknesses Dell’s biggest weakness is attracting the college student segment of the market. Dell’s sales revenue from educational institutions such as colleges only accounts for a measly 5% of the total. Dell’s focus on the corporate and government institutional customers somehow affected its ability to form relationships with educational institutions. Since many students purchase their PCs through their schools, Dell is obviously not popular among the college market yet. For home users, Dell’s direct method and customization approach posed problems. For one, customers cannot go to retailers because Dell does not use distribution channels. Customers just can’t buy Dell as simply as other brands because each product is custom-built according to their specifications and this might take days to finish. Opportunities Personal computers are becoming a necessity now more than ever. Customers are getting more and more educated about computers. Second-time buyers would most likely avail of Dell’s custom-built computers because as their knowledge grows, so do their need to experiment or use some additional computer features. Demand for laptops is also growing. As a matter of fact, demand for laptop has overtaken the demand for desktops. This is another opportunity for Dell to grow in other segments. The internet also provides Dell with greater opportunities since all they have to do now is to visit Dell’s website to place their order or to get information. Since Dell does not have retail stores, the online stores would surely make up for its absence. It is also more convenient for customers to shop online than to actually drive and do purchase at a physical store. Threats In a volatile market such as personal computers, threats abound. Computers change in a constant sometime daily basis. New software, new hardware and computer accessories are introduced at a lightning speed. It is essential for Dell therefore to be always on the lookout for new things or introduce new computer systems. The threat to become outmoded is a pulsating reality in a computer business. Not only that, companies must produce products that are high in quality but low in price. This is one challenge that Dell contends with. One of the biggest external threats to Dell is that price difference among brands is getting smaller. Dell’s Direct Model attracts customers because it saves cost. Since other companies are able to offer computers at low costs, this could threaten Dell’s price-conscious growing customer base. With almost identical prices, price difference is no longer an issue for a customer. They might choose other brands instead of waiting for Dell’s customized computers. The growth rate of the computer industry is also slowing down. Today, Dell has the biggest share of the market. If the demand slows down, the competition will become stiffer in the process. Dell has to work doubly hard to differentiate itself from its substitutes to be able to continue holding a significant market share. Technological advancement is a double-edge sword. It is an opportunity but at the same time a threat. Low-cost leadership strategy is no longer an issue to computer companies therefore it is important for computer companies to stand out from the rest. Technology dictates that the most up-to-date and fastest products are always the most popular. Dell has to always keep up with technological advancements to be able to compete.